The lining has to withstand
both heat and abrasion.

A calciner lining has to withstand abrasion from moving alumina while coping with repeated heating and cooling through the process cycle. Both are happening at the same time. Get the balance wrong, and the lining itself becomes the maintenance problem.

Three of three tap holes,
held for two years

Shinagawa was performing on two of three tap holes. The third moved to Shinagawa after a competitor’s product was affected by a raw material change. Shinagawa has since held all three, for two years.